Antisense Oligonucleotides and RNA Interference - Challenges in Delivery of Therapeutic Genomics and Proteomics - page 354

Table 7.6 (Continued)

S. No. Delivery System Composition Route of Administration Characteristics References

5. Peptide-based

delivery systems

Peptides like tetra-amine spermine, PLL, protamine,
histone, oligoarginine, streptavidin, aptamers, receptor-
specific monoclonal antibodies

Intrathecal, intravenous Provide site-specific delivery of

AS ODNs

[12,155,160,175-177]

6. Hydrogels Polymers like polyacrylic acid, pluronic, PEI,

PEG, hyaluronic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan,
polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone
silk-elastin, etc.

Intravenous Provide controlled drug delivery

in response to pH, temperature,
ionic strength, electric field, or
specific analyte concentration
differences

[160,166,178-181]

7. Hydrodynamic

injection

High pressure across the cell membrane, resulting in
the permeation of AS ODNs

Intravenous, intravascular Injects AS ODNs directly into the

diseased cells. Minimized side
effects associated with unwanted
tissue distribution, but is an
invasive method

[12,155,160,182,183]

8. Electroporation Uses externally applied electrical field to facilitate

penetration of AS ODNs across the cell membrane

Transdermal, intratissue Provides site-specific delivery of

AS ODNs, but causes high cell
mortality

[155,160,184,185]

9. Ultrasound-

mediated
antisense drug
delivery

Makes use of ultrasound waves of optimum strength
and for an optimal time to facilitate permeation of AS
ODNs into the target cells

Intratumoral, intravenous,
transdermal

Provides noninvasive site-specific
delivery of AS ODNs, but results
in low transfection

[160,186,187]

10. Light-mediated

antisense drug
delivery

Makes use of photolabile compounds that block
the bioactivity of AS ODNs until exposed to near-
ultraviolet light

Intravenous Protects oligonucleotides

from degradation and provides
noninvasive site-specific delivery

[188-191]