Gene Delivery Using Physical Methods - Challenges in Delivery of Therapeutic Genomics and Proteomics - page 109

Table 3.3 Comparison Among Different Physical Methods, Their Principles, DNA
Volume Used, Advantages, and �imitations

Physical
Methods

Principles DNA

Volume
Used

Merits Demerits

Naked DNA Physical force High �ow cost, simple,

available in clinical
practices

�ow efficiency

Electroporation Electric pulse �ow High efficiency for

delivery

Need surgical
procedure,
limited to small
working range

Hydrodynamics Hydrodynamic

force

Moderate High efficiency,

simplicity

�imited tissue
access

Gene gun Micro particle

speed up by
high-pressure
gas

�ow High efficiency

at target tissue,
good immunization
with low volume
of DNA

Tissue damage,
need additional
steps and cost

Microinjection Inject DNA

intracellularly

�ow Very high

efficiency, good
for individual cell

Not applicable to
clinical practice

Sonoporation Cavitations

with ultrasound

�ow to
moderate

Safe, less tissue
damage, good for
site-specific gene
delivery

�ow efficiency
in vivo , used
costly technology

Iontophoresis Enhancement in

permeation with
electric pulse

�ow to
moderate

Easy, minimum
side effects, and
increased
penetration at
target region

Not applicable
for clinical
practice

Magnetofection Magnetic

field assisted
transport to cell

�ow to
moderate

Economic Poor efficiency

with naked DNA

�aser
beam gene
transduction

�aser beam
induced cell
membrane
permeabilization

High Higher efficiency

and precision

Costly, toxicity
potential

Impalefection Piercing of

nanoconstructs
carrying
surface-bound
gene

- Higher efficiency,

protect gene from
extracellular and
cytosolic
degradation

Not applicable
for clinical
practice