Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Heating up the solution signifi cantly increases the solubility of
digitonin.
5. Alternatively, 2 mM NADH plus 2 mM ATP might be added.
Wild type mitochondria usually contain suffi cient internal sub-
strates, i.e., the addition of substrates will not further increase
the fl uorescence quenching.
6. Fluorescence intensity will not reach starting (maximal) value
again, as you will always have unspecifi c fl uorescence quench-
ing to a certain extent.
7. For preparation of a master mix, it is useful to always use
5-10 % in excess of the volumes needed.
8. To maintain the full import-competence, do not vortex mito-
chondria at all before performing the import reaction as this
might result in damages of the membranes.
9. Other detergents such as Dodecylmaltoside or Triton X-100
may also be suitable.
10. Prepare the BN gel always in advance and keep it at 4 °C until
it is loaded.
11. Addition of sodium azide to a fi nal concentration of 0.02 %
(from a 100× stock) and storage at −20 °C is useful to preserve
the antibody solution for subsequent experiments. Handle
sodium azide with care as it is highly toxic.
References
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Zahedi R, Meyer HE, Schönfi sch B, Perschil I,
Chacinska A, Guiard B, Rehling P, Pfanner N,
Meisinger C (2003) The proteome of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:13207-13212
2. Becker T, Bottinger L, Pfanner N (2012)
Mitochondrial protein import: from transport
pathways to an integrated network. Trends
Biochem Sci 37:85-91
3. Strub A, Lim JH, Pfanner N, Voos W (2000)
The mitochondrial protein import motor. Biol
Chem 381:943-949
4. Voos W (2012) Chaperone-protease networks
in mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Biochim
Biophys Acta 1833:388-399
5. Gärtner F, Voos W, Querol A, Miller BR, Craig
EA, Cumsky MG, Pfanner N (1995)
Mitochondrial import of subunit Va of cyto-
chrome c oxidase characterized with yeast
mutants. J Biol Chem 270:3788-3795
6. Pena A, Uribe S, Pardo JP, Borbolla M (1984)
The use of a cyanine dye in measuring membrane
potential in yeast. Arch Biochem Biophys 231:
217-225
7. Ryan MT, Voos W, Pfanner N (2001) Assaying
protein import into mitochondria. Methods
Cell Biol 65:189-215
8. Lim JH, Martin F, Guiard B, Pfanner N, Voos
W (2001) The mitochondrial Hsp70-
dependent import system actively unfolds pre-
proteins and shortens the lag phase of
translocation. EMBO J 20:941-950
9. Dekker PJT, Martin F, Maarse AC, Bömer U,
Müller H, Guiard B, Meijer M, Rassow J,
Pfanner N (1997) The Tim core complex
defi nes the number of mitochondrial transloca-
tion contact sites and can hold arrested prepro-
teins in the absence of matrix Hsp70-Tim44.
EMBO J 16:5408-5419
10. Koll H, Guiard B, Rassow J, Ostermann J,
Horwich AL, Neupert W, Hartl F-U (1992)
Antifolding activity of hsp60 couples protein
import into the mitochondrial matrix with
export to the intermembrane space. Cell
68:1163-1175
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