ANTHROPOMETRY - Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement - page 83

Figure 4.1 Body segment lengths expressed as a fraction of body height H .

segment lengths expressed as a percentage of body height was prepared by
Drillis and Contini (1966) and is shown in Figure 4.1. These segment propor-
tions serve as a good approximation in the absence of better data, preferably
measured directly from the individual.

4.1 DENSITY, MASS, AND INERTIAL PROPERTIES

Kinematic and kinetic analyses require data regarding mass distributions,
mass centers, moments of inertia, and the like. Some of these measures have
been determined directly from cadavers; others have utilized measured seg-
ment volumes in conjunction with density tables, and more modern techniques
use scanning systems that produce the cross-sectional image at many intervals
across the segment.

4.1.1 Whole-Body Density
The human body consists of many types of tissue, each with a different
density. Cortical bone has a specific gravity greater than 1.8, muscle tissue