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development, agriculture, etc.) on erosional and depositional processes, or the history
of contaminant loadings to a river system by both point- and non-point sources of
contamination. In order to construct and decipher changes in the alluvial record, the
sediments must be accurately dated. As a result, a wide variety of methods have been
developed to date sedimentary deposits found in riverine environments. Each of the
developed methods differs in the time scale to which they are applicable, the accu-
racy and precision of the age estimates, and the nature of the depositional process
that is being dated (see Stokes and Walling
2003
for a review). The use of fallout
radionuclides (predominantly
137
Cs and
210
Pb) represents one of the most impor-
tant methods to date historic riverine sediments (i.e., those
150years old). In the
interest of space, we will not dive into the use of
137
Cs and
210
Pb as a dating tool
as their applications have been summarized in a number of other documents (e.g.,
Appleby and Oldfield
1978
; Robbins
1978
; Appleby et al.
1979
; Appleby
2001
;He
and Walling
1996
; Stokes and Walling
2003
; Belyaev et al.
2013
; Golosov et al.
2012; Walling
2013
).
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∼
References
Appleby P (2001) Chronostratigraphic techniques in recent sediments. In: Last W, Smol J (eds)
Tracking environmental change using lake sediments, developments in paleoenvironmental
research, vol 1. Springer, Netherlands, pp 171-203
Appleby P, Oldfield F (1978) The calculation of lead-210 dates assuming a constant rate of supply
of unsupported
210
Pb to the sediment. Catena 5:1-8
Appleby P, Oldfield F (1992) Applications of
210
Pb to sedimentation studies. Oxford Science,
Oxford, pp 731-778
Appleby PG, Oldfield F, Thompson R, Huttenen P, Tolonen K (1979)
210
Pb dating of annually
laminated lake sediments from Finland. Nature 280:53-55
Basher L, Matthews K (1993) Relationship between
137
Cs in some undisturbed New Zealand soils
and rainfall. Soil Res 31:655-663
Baskaran M (2011) Environmental isotope geochemistry: past, present, and future. In: Baskaran
M (ed) Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry. Advances in Isotope Geochemistry.
Springer, Berlin, pp 3-10
Baskaran M, Coleman C, Santschi P (1993) Atmospheric depositional fluxes of
7
Be and
210
Pb at
Galveston and college station, Texas. J Geophys Res-Atmos 98:20555-20571
Belyaev V, Golosov V, Markelov M, Evrard O, Ivanova N, Paramonova T, Shamshurina E (2013)
Using Chernobyl-derived
137
Cs to document recent sediment deposition rates on the River Plava
floodplain (Central European Russia). Hydrol Process 27:807-821
Bettoli M, Cantelli L, Degetto S, Tositti L, Tubertini O, Valcher S (1995) Preliminary investigations
on
7
Be as a tracer in the study of environmental processes. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 190:137-147
Blake WH, Walling DE, He Q (1999) Fallout
7
Be as a tracer in soil erosion investigations. Appl
Radiat Isot 51:599-605
Blake W, Wallbrink P, Wilkinson S, Humphreys G, Doerr S, Shakesby R, Tomkins K (2009) Deriv-
ing hillslope sediment budgets in wildfire-affected forests using fallout radionuclide tracers.
Geomorphology 104:105-116
Bonniwell E, Matisoff G, Whiting P (1999) Fine sediment residence times in rivers determined
using fallout radionuclides (
7
Be
137
Cs,
210
Pb). Geomorphology 27:75-92
Brigham M, McCullough C, Wilkinson P (2001) Analysis of suspended-sediment concentrations
and radioisotope levels in the Wild Rice River basin, Northwestern Minnesota, 1973-98. US
Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey
,
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