Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Vector data measures space and controls the attribute; raster data controls
space and measures the attribute. Both types of data fix time for the geo-
graphic representation.
5. Why are TIN and topology not included in Sinton's framework?
TIN and topology represent relationships. Sinton's framework involves
space, time, and attributes. Relationships are at most implicit.
6. What is the general relationship between scale and accuracy?
The larger the scale (the smaller the area a map represents), the greater the
accuracy can be. The smaller the scale (the larger the area a map repre-
sents), the lower the accuracy can be. The main issue here is the possible
size of the printed page. More detail can be fit onto a single sheet of paper
at a large scale than at a small scale. This does not apply to GI. But because
of the continued use of data collection processes used originally for pro-
ducing printed maps, scale continues to offer a useful shorthand for assess-
ing accuracy.
7. What does “cartographic communication” refer to?
GI and maps ultimately communicate. How they communicate depends on
the cartographic representation choices. “Cartographic communication” refers
to the ability of GI or maps to communicate for specific purposes.
8. What do databases, in an abstract sense, contain?
Attributes and relationships used for cartographic representation and com-
munication.
9. What is controlled in a stream gauge (using Sinton's concept)?
A stream gauge controls time, measures attribute, and fixes space.
10. How is accuracy a qualitative indicator?
Some parts of accuracy may be quantitative, but assessments of accuracy
also depend on the consideration of the potential use of the GI or map,
which may be only partially specified, leading to a qualitative assessment of
accuracy.
Chapter Readings
Chrisman, N. R. (1997). Exploring Geographic Information Systems . New York: Wiley.
Gould, P. (1985). The Geographer at Work . London: Routledge.
Gould, P. (1989). Becoming a Geographer . Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Hartshorne, R. (1939/1956). The Nature of Geography: A Critical Survey of Current
Thought in the Light of the Past . Lancaster, PA: Association of American Geogra-
phers. [Reprinted with corrections, 1961]
Hartshorne, R. (1958). The Concept of Geography as a Science of Space, from Kant
and Humboldt to Hettner. Annals of the Association of American Geographers ,
48 (2), 97-108.
Monmonier, M. (1991). How to Lie with Maps . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Monmonier, M. (1993). Mapping It Out: Expository Cartography for the Humanities and
Social Sciences . Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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