Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Example of environmental data sampling showing how data is combined in
geostatistical analysis.
From
www.nwer.sandia.gov/sample/ftp/tutorial.pdf
before they can be compared. Both the establishment and the creation of
measurements have significant impacts on the validation of measurements.
Validation is an important separate part of data collection, necessary to
assure the internal validity of measurements made at the same place over
time and the external validity of the measurement to other places, other
instruments, and other types of observing and recording the same types of
measurements.
Spatial Autocorrelation
Geostatistics is powerful, but easily prone to great errors through simple
misrepresentations or because of great differences between most types of
statistical data. The most significant problems are that geographic data sets
are not random, nor samples. They are spatially autocorrelated. As Waldo
Tobler notes, “I invoke the first law of geography: everything is related to
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