Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
5. Can existing GI be used in any way?
The copyright status and distribution rights must be assessed before using
GI from other sources.
6. Where is the use of GPS less accurate?
Generally, GPS is less accurate under tree foliage, near trees, near cliffs, or
near high buildings, all of which can obstruct the GPS satellite signals.
7. Which accuracies does GPS support?
GPS (or other GNSS) is suited for any activities where information about
location at a modest accuracy (
3-5 m) is needed. For higher accuracies,
additional procedures, tools, and techniques can be used.
8. How should geographic representation and cartographic representa-
tion be taken into account for data collection?
The data collection procedures, tools, and techniques should assure the
highest level of fidelity to the geographic representation and the carto-
graphic representation.
9. How can generalized GI and maps affect positional accuracy?
Generalization distorts GI and maps in a variety of ways. This distortion
reduces positional accuracy.
10. What are common sources for existing GI?
Many government agencies, national mapping agencies, and private compa-
nies are potential sources of existing GI.
Chapter Readings
Campbell, James B. (2007). Introduction to Remote Sensing (4th ed.). New York:
Guilford Press.
The mathematical basis for geographic surveying is covered in:
Cotter, C. H. (1966). The Astronomical and Mathematical Foundations of Geography . New
York: Elsevier.
For an older, but lucidly presented, text, see:
Hinks, A. R. (1947). Maps and Survey . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
For a more recent text for students starting with geographic field work, see:
Lounsbury, J. F., & F. T. Aldrich. (1986). Introduction to Geographic Field Methods and
Techniques . Columbus, OH: Merrill.
For a history of surveying and map making, see:
Wilford, J. N. (2001). The Mapmakers . New York: Knopf.
Web Resources
A good glossary of GPS and GNSS terms is available online at www.magellangps.com/
en/about/aboutgps/glossary.asp
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