Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
A compass can be used for navigation
and surveying.
GPS and GNSS
Many people have heard of GPS, or global positioning systems, many more
have used it without even knowing it. A common feature in new cellphones,
cars, and boats, GPS has been used for years by a wide and varied group of
users including trucking companies, buses, hikers, taxis, surveyors, and air
lines. GPS has become commonplace because of its ease of use and accuracy
in determining location. While its level of accuracy is insufficient for profes-
sional surveyors, for most people, most of the time, GPS is accurate enough.
Car navigation systems, which are becoming very common, offer the ability
to show where the car currently is and to get instructions about how to get to
another place. The instructions can be shown on a display with a map or spo-
Basic concepts of leveling for a survey.
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