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5. Expert system for optimized design of grounding systems
Other expert system treated in this chapter involves the creation of a computational
platform that helps in the specification and decision making regarding the optimized design
of grounding systems, which must take into account the particularities of the distribution
system under consideration, such as extension of the network, installed equipment and even
the performance requirements expected for such system.
However, the effects of lightning should still be considered, since the voltages induced on
the line are higher than those where the surge arresters operate, which imply in current
flowing to ground.
Thus, analyzing in terms of optimizing the grounding system, the best arrangement must be
defined according to the desired type of grounding, which is characterized as a problem of
structural optimization. Furthermore, it is of fundamental importance to determine the
parameters of the chosen arrangement, such as distance, depth, number of stems etc. The
search of these variables characterizes a parametric adjustment problem, whose objective is
to determine a grounding system where impedance, and not resistance, is minimal.
A representation of the operation of the expert system for optimization of grounding design
can be seen in Fig. 15.
Atmospheric
Discharges
Distribution
Feeders
Induced Voltage Estimation
Expert System
Resistivity Tests
Structural Paramters
Frequency Response
Grounding Efficiency
GA Optimization
Optimized Ground
System
Fig. 15. Diagram representing the expert system for optimized design of grounding systems.
The efficiency of the grounding system must be checked every iteration of the optimization
process with the purpose of verifying how the parametric and structural adjustments are
improving it.
