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knowledge into these systems. There is a need for implementation of cartographic rules
directly into the programs for the map making especially into GIS software.
The usage of intelligent systems has been enabled by the development in the field of
artificial intelligence. Therefore, these systems find application in many sectors of
cartography. Real cartographer can be partly substituted by the utilization of knowledge
system (intelligent system).
2. Cartography and intelligent systems
Computer-assisted thematic cartography has been highlighted in the forefront of interest by
the following development in the field of GIS and map making but also thanks to the
expansion of improper map-making. Usage of different methods in thematic cartography is
very dependent on the specific type of map, user and the resulting information.
Cartographer accesses very often at this stage and determines what is appropriate and what
is not. The possibility of intelligent system usage can be found in that stage.
Quantity of used thematic cartography methods, different types and quality of input data
and other factors, however, can cause problems. The creating of a high-quality and
comprehensive system for thematic cartography is extremely complex task. The main idea
of designing the decision-making support system in thematic mapping is using all kinds of
technologies and methods. The aim is to solve the decision-making problems in thematic
mapping in order to make a perfect map through operating intelligent system by users
[Quo, 1993]. Key decision-making issues referred to the thematic map design should be
analyzed clearly at the beginning of designing a good intelligent system. Nevertheless,
corresponding decision-making models and reasoning methods should be proposed
according to different problems.
In order to transfer map information effectively, it must reduce the noise hidden behind the
map information and prevent over much map information. In thematic cartography, there
are more than 10 commonly known thematic map types, namely point diagram maps, linear
diagram maps, chorochromatic mosaic maps, isoline maps, stereoscopic perspective
methods, nominal point symbol maps, proportional symbol maps, dot methods (dot
mapping), classification ratio method (choropleth maps), statistical maps (areal diagram
methods), cartographic arrowhead methods, triangle charts law [Quo, Ren, 2003].
Various geographic data have a different structure of data. Every method should be
corresponding to geographic data characteristics. Moreover, only some specific types of map
graphics express specific geographic phenomena (Population Pyramid). This is the very
important part of thematic cartography. Different methods will emphasize differently on
different map data characteristics. Furthermore, some data characteristics can be only
expressed by particular methods. When we can distinguish type of data and their structure,
we will be able to know which method to choose [Andrienko, Andrienko, Voss, 2002]. We
can select a different map representation according to the spatial distribution of quality,
quantity, grade combined, compared, direction and temporal options.
Producers of GIS software try to incorporate sub-expert cartographic knowledge as part of
the program functionality. For example, we can consider the offer of color scale as a specific
program codified cartographic knowledge in ArcGIS software. A program shows
