Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
2. Intelligent sensory systems and networks of precision agriculture
2.1 LED technology in precision agriculture
The main principle of intelligent precision agriculture is the high-precision dosed fertilizer
application in a specified small piece of the ground depending in a soil physical-chemical
status (colour, structure, organics content, moisture, temperature) for an equal distribution
of organic fertilizers and using controlled actuators, electronic, virtual and intellect-maps for
the agro-industrial production, the foodstuff biosafety and the human life maintenance. The
use of intelligent technologies in precision agriculture enables to achieve saving weed and
pest killers, fertilizers, energy resources, ecological sustainability, raising the level of crop
yield, the quality of fields, the biosafety of agricultural products, and the increased
efficiency of the agricultural production. The most effective method for monitoring and the
fast formation of soil information patterns consists in the estimation of its spectral
reflectance as a set of optical parameters in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared spectral
ranges. The LED technology presented by us is intended for taking soil brightness
coefficients in the broadband optical spectrum range (10
11
-10
15
Hz) using a set of light-
emitting and light-sensitive microelements for the illumination of a controlled small piece of
soil and for recording the reflected optical signal. A wide application of intelligent sensory
systems for precision agriculture and the fast control of soil information patterns in every
spot of a cultivated agricultural field underlie the LED technology of precision agriculture
with the differentiated fertilization [1, 3].
2.2 Mobile microsensory system for precision agriculture
A mobile microsensory system “ISSE” developed by us with the LED technology for the
light-colour information pattern recognition can analyze a soil state from within and apply
fertilizers on different spots of a field just that dosage which is required in a defined soil
spot. The registration of soil optical characteristics is realized by means of light-emitting
microdiodes with the emission wavelength 405 nm (violet), 460 nm (blue), 505 nm (green),
530 nm (green), 570 nm (yellow), 620 nm (orange), 660 nm (red) but also in spectral points of
the sensory control of the infrared radiation (760-2400 nm) and white light (integrated
index) [3, 4]. Light-emitting microdiodes irradiate the given electromagnetic waves in the
broadband frequency range, but photosensitive microdiodes register a quantitative change
of the reflected radiation. The optimal spectrum width corresponds to the wavelength range
of 400-800 nm, so the oscillation spectrum effect of H
2
O molecules in soil begins to become
apparent at the greater wavelength, and complementary errors are introduced in results of
the diagnostics of a soil horizon. The multisensory system “ISSE” includes an electronic
optical module for the formation and the registration of optical impulses consisting of the
analog-digital transducer with a microcontroller and a pulse-shaping module (Fig. 1) but
also for the comparison of obtained information sensory patterns with soil experimental
characteristics on local field areas using a special self-learning software [3].
Light-emitting microdiodes are equispaced on a perimeter of circle in 20 mm over on the
angle about 10
°
relative to the vertical line, so the placing height of these ones over a
controlled surface is equal to 30 mm. Eight numbers in the binary-coded decimal notation in
the range of 0…1000 corresponding to reflectivity factors of the radiation for each of eight
spectrum lines are generated by the use of RS-232 or RS-485 interfaces. Then the value 1000
