Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
Stage 4:
Modeling of problems and designing algorithms for automated reasoning. General
problems can be represented by using Com-Nets, CO-Nets, and their extensions. The CO-
Net problem model consists of three parts:
O = O
1
, O
2
, . . ., O
n
, F = f
1
, f
2
, . . ., f
m
,
Goal = [ g
1
, g
2
, . . ., g
m
].
In the above model the set O consists of n Com-objects, F is the set of facts given on the
objects, and Goal is a list, which consists of goals.
The design of deductive reasoning algorithms for solving problems and the design of
interface of the system can be developed by three steps for modeling:
Step 1.
Classify problems such as problems as frames, problems of a determination or a
proof of a fact, problems of finding objects or facts, etc…
Step 2.
Classify facts and representing them based on the kinds of facts of COKB model.
Step 3.
Modeling kinds of problems from classifying in step 1 and 2. From models of each
kind, we can construct a general model for problems, which are given to the system
for solving them.
The basic technique for designing deductive algorithms is the unification of facts. Based on
the kinds of facts and their structures, there will be criteria for unification proposed. Then it
produces algorithms to check the unification of two facts.
The next important work is doing research on strategies for deduction to solve problems on
computer. The most difficult thing is modeling for experience, sensible reaction and
intuitional human to find heuristic rules, which were able to imitate the human thinking for
solving problems.
Stage 5
: Creating a query language for the models. The language helps to design the
communication between the system and users by words.
Stage 6
: Designing the interface of the system and coding to produce the application.
Intelligent applications for solving problems in education of mathematic, physic, chemistry
have been implemented by using programming tools and computer algebra systems such as
Visual Basic.NET or C#, SQL Server, Maple. They are very easy to use for students, to
search, query and solve problems
.
Stage 7
: Testing, maintaining and developing the application. This stage is similar as in
other computer systems.
The main models for knowledge representation used in the above process will be presented
in the next section.
3. Knowledge representation models
In artificial intelligence science, models and methods for knowledge representation play an
important role in designing knowledge base systems and expert systems, especially
intelligent problem solvers. Nowadays there are many various knowledge models which
have already been suggested and applied. In the topics of Sowa (2002), George F. Luger
