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Scheme 3
with nitrous acid, c) the carbohydrate portion of B. bronchiseptica LPS as
the bacteria is more easily cultivated and has the same terminal penta-
saccharide as B. pertussis.
58
The three oligosaccharide-protein-conjugates
to TT were obtained and investigated further.
59
The conjugates all induced
antibodies in rabbits that reacted strongly with LPS, are bactericidal, and
react with intact, live bacterial cells.
Norberg
60
reported the synthesis of the spacer-armed terminal di-
saccharide containing 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-mannuronic acid. We
hope that synthetic tri- to pentasaccharide-glycoconjugates could repre-
sent an interesting alternative for the preparation of vaccines against Bp
in the future.
2.4 Streptococcus pneumoniae
Several studies were conducted with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) CPS
fragments of different size in order to define the nature of the protective
epitopes.
61
In addition, a systematic study of the chemical synthesis of
such fragments, mainly from serotypes 3, 6B, 14, and 23F, and of their
immunological properties was carried out over the years, providing an
important body of knowledge.
62
However, the number of different con-
jugates needed and the structural complexity of some of the CPS render it
unlikely that chemical synthesis will become a sole source of antigen for
conjugate vaccine production in this case.
2.4.1 Serotype 3. The structure of the repeating unit 11 for serotype 3
CPS is represented in Scheme 4. Snippe et al.
63,64
isolated a hexa-
saccharide containing 3 RU of cellobiuronic acid from the CPS and
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