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HO
OH
HO
O
OH
OH
O
HO
O
HO
OH
O
HO
O
O
O
HO
O
O
3
O
3
HO
HO
OH
OH
O
O
4
4
HO
HO
HO
HO
O
O
HO
HO
HO
O
O
O
HO
3
O
O
3
HO
O
O
O
O
O
4
4
O
HO
O
HO
HO
O
HO
OH
HO
HO
HO
HO
O
O
O
O
O
O
HO
3
OH
O
O
3
OH
O
HO
HO
O
OH
O
O
O
O
HO
O
4
4
O
OH
O
HO
OH
O
O
HO
OH
OH
O
O
OH
HO
OH
HO
Fig. 17 Structure of synthetic archaeal tetraether-like glycolipid analogues.
ions, including H
รพ
. These properties make them attractive candidates as
drug or antigen delivery systems.
43
Archaeal lipid analogues bearing monovalent or trivalent lactose or
mannose head groups at one or two terminal ends, were recently de-
signed and synthetized as components of a novel family of liposomes,
named Archaeosomes (Fig. 17).
44,45
In vitro stability of formulations in-
cluding Egg-PC and various mole ratios of bislactosylated tetraether (10,
20, 30 and 40%) was evaluated in conditions mimicking those of oral
route application in terms of bile salts, serum and low pH. Increasing
incorporation of bislactosyl lipid into EggPC-liposomes remarkably en-
hanced the vesicle stability in the presence of detergents or towards
serum lipoproteins compared to conventional Egg-PC liposomes. Fur-
ther, trivalent tetraether glycolipids were incorporated into archaeo-
somes to exhibit specific interactions with cell membrane receptors.
Once incorporated into phospholipid liposomes, this family of targeting
archaeal lipids was found to enhance the binding a
nity towards C-type
lectins, such as mannose receptor (unpublished results).
3 Glycolipid-based gene delivery nanosystems
Gene delivery is considered as a new hope for treating both genetic dis-
eases such as myopathies, cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency and other
types of disease such as cancers or AIDS. More recently, efforts have been
focused on the design of
suitable DNA carriers gathering the
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