Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
Geographic variability of various categories or crop species of interest is
another aspect of spatial variability of spectral signatures. I.e., the same crop
species does not have the same spectral response in all geographic locations on any
one date. As, barley may be harvested in east Syria at the beginning of May when
it has reached maturity, but has not yet been harvested in west Syria, and perhaps
is still immature and green in southern east Syria. Based on the spectral (signature)
concept, it is impossible to define a single spectral response pattern that will be
applicable for the same crop species in all geographic areas at any one time.
Geographic variability of agricultural crops includes another related aspect, since
not all crop species are found in all geographic locations. So, knowledge of the
location from which remote sensor data was obtained can prove useful in
attempting to identify a particular crop species, even if the spectral response of that
crop may not be well known at that time of the year because of lack of ground truth
data. As, when data from east Syria is analyzed, it could be concluded that the
particular spectral response patterns would be essentially wheat, barley, cotton and
corn, and not, as, tobacco, which does not grow in the area to a large extent.
Instead, it is planted widely in the west near the Mediterranean Sea.
Three methods of water withdrawal at present dominated for irrigation the
agriculture features in the Euphrates Basin: (A) floodplain irrigation (small
holdings, not organized geometrically); (B) canal irrigation/farmers (small up to
big holdings, semi-organized geometrically); and (C) canal irrigation/state (med-
ium up to very big holdings, full organized geometrically) (Fig.
5.28
).
Fig. 5.28 Schematic diagrams of the spatial characteristics of the irrigated agricultural areas in
the study area, ERB. A, floodplain; B, canal irrigation (farmers); and C, canal irrigation (state)
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