Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
conductivity to the solution, (ii) it should be
resistant to oxidation and reduction, and should
give a wide potential window, and (iii) it should
not have an unfavourable effect on the electrode
reaction to be measured. In addition, the
interaction between dissociated ions and
intermediates formed by electrode reactions
must be taken into account. For organic
solvents, the commonly used electrolytes are
tetraalkylammonium salts. In general,
tetraethylammonim ion (Et
4
N
+
) and
tetrabutylammonium ion (Bu
4
N
+
) are
frequently used as the cation part of
tetraalkylammonium salts, while perchlorate
ion (ClO
4
−
), tosylate ion (TsO
−
),
tetrafluoroborate ion (BF
4
−
) and
hexafluorophosphate ion (PF
6
−
) are frequently
used as the anion part. Because halide ion (X
−
)
may be oxidized to form halonium ion (X
+
), it is
necessary to be careful when using it as the
anion part of the supporting electrolytes. On the
other hand, for aqueous systems, inorganic
salts such as NaCl and KCl, although not
tetraalkylammonium salts, can be employed as
supporting electrolytes. In practice, the
concentration of supporting electrolytes should
preferably be above 0.1 M.
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