Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
state around room temperature. Since ionic
liquids have unique properties like
non-flammability, thermal stability,
non-volatility and reusability, they have been
intensively studied as a green solvent from
basic and applied aspects [31-35]. Since they
have also good electroconductivity, much
attention has been paid to their application in
organic electrochemical devices. In fact,
intensive studies on applications to
rechargeable lithium batteries, electric
double-layer capacitors, wet solar cells and fuel
cells have recently been carried out.
In this section, the structures and physical
properties of ionic liquids are explained and
their application to electrolytic reactions is
described.
6.8.1 Structures of Ionic Liquids
Ionic liquids are roughly classified into two
families based on kinds of cations. One consists
of nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic cations
and the other consists of aliphatic ammonium
cations. Aliphatic ionic liquids are subdivided
into open-chain and cyclic. Based on kinds of
anions, ionic liquids are divided into five
classes: chloroalminate, fluoroinorganic,
fluoroorganic, poly(hydrogen fluoride) and
non-fluoroionic. In addition, recently
phosphine-containing ionic liquids like
phosphonium salts have been prepared, and
various novel types of ionic liquids with other
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