Organic Electrode Reactions - Fundamentals and Applications of Organic Electrochemistry - page 148

products from different starting
substrates): A typical example is
electrosynthesis of dihydrophthalic acid and
acetylene dicarboxylic acid from phthalic
acid and butynediol at a cathode and anode,
respectively [52]
Divergent paired electrosynthesis
(electrosynthesis of different
products from the same substrate):
Details and an example are described in
Chapter 7 ( Figure 7.8 ).
Convergent paired electrosynthesis:
This is the electrosynthesis of a single
product from different starting substrates,
for instance electrosynthesis of propylene
oxide via chlorohydrine from propylene and
chloride ion as well as electrosynthesis of
sulfeneimines from amine and disulfide
using bromide ion mediator [53]. As shown
in Figure 5.11 , aliphatic ester is reduced with
reactive Mg metal cathodically derived from
Mg ion and alkoxide ion is formed. On the
other hand, tetrahydrofuran as a solvent is
oxidized at the anode to generate the
corresponding cation intermediate, which
reacts with the cathodically formed alkoxide
ion to give α -alkoxytetrahydrofuran [54]. In
this reaction, both anodic and cathode
reactions participate to produce a single
product, thereby the total current
efficiencies do not exceed 100%. The
electrolytic reaction shown in Figure 5.12 is