New Insights into Desiccation-Associated Gene Regulation by Lilium longiflorum ASR during Pollen Maturation and in Transgenic Arabidopsis - International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology - page 36

CHAPTER TWO

New Insights into
Desiccation-Associated Gene
Regulation by Lilium longiflorum
ASR during Pollen Maturation and
in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Co-Shine Wang 1 , Ssu-Wei Hsu, Yi-Feng Hsu
Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
1 Corresponding author: E-mail: [e-mail]

Contents
1. Introduction 38

2. Desiccation-AssociatedAbscisicAcid(ABA)SignalinginPollenGrains 39

2.1. GeneExpressionProilesduringPollenMaturation 39

2.2. ProteinsEncodedbyDesiccation-AssociatedGenesinPollen 44

3. ASR 45

3.1. GeneExpressionandOrganizationofthe Asr Genes 45

3.1.1. Distribution and Spatial and Temporal Expression 45

3.1.2. Gene Polymorphism and Adaptation 46

3.2. ASRProtein 47

3.2.1. Structural Features 47

3.2.2. Intrinsically Unstructured Protein 48

3.2.3. Cellular Localization 48

3.2.4. Nucleocytoplasmic Transport of ASR 50

3.3. ADualFunctionofASR 51

4. Transgenic 35S::LLA23 Plants 52

4.1. Transgenic 35S::LLA23 PlantsExhibitDesiccation-ResistantPhenotype 52

4.2. ASR-InducibleGenesin 35S::LLA23 Plants 56

4.2.1. Classification of LLA23-Inducible Genes 56

4.2.2. Promoter Analysis of LLA23-Inducible Genes 61

4.3. ResponsetoVariousStressesInvolvingABA 62

4.4. ResponsetoGlucoseStress 73

4.4.1. Gene Identification and Cross Talk among LLA23-, Glucose-,
and Drought-Inducible Responses

74

4.4.2. Highly Stress-Inducible Genes 74

4.4.3. LLA23-, Glucose-, and Drought-Repressive Genes 75

5. ConclusionsandFuturePerspectives 86