Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
GJ
gap junction
HnRNP
heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein
IGF
insulin-like growth factor
JAM
junctional adhesion molecule
KGF
keratinocyte growth factor
Lgl
lethal giant larvae
LH
luteinizing hormone
mLST8
target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8, also known as mTOR associated
protein LST8 homolog
MAGUK
membrane-associated guanylate kinase
MDCK cells
Madin-Darby canine kidney cells
MMP
matrix metalloproteinase
MTOR
mammalian target of rapamycin complex
mTORC1
mTOR complex 1
mTORC2
mTOR complex 2
N-WASP
neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
PAR
partitioning defective protein
PDK1
3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
PI3K
phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIKK
PI3K-related kinase
PIP2
phosphatidylinositol (4, 5)-bisphosphate
PIP3
phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-triphosphate
PKB
protein kinase B also known as Akt
PKC
protein kinase C
PKP-2
plakophilin-2
PRAS40
proline-rich Akt-PKB substrate 40 kDa
PTEN
phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10
Raptor
regulatory associated protein of mTOR
Rheb
Ras-homolog enrich in brain
Rictor
rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR
rpS6
ribosomal protein S6
RSK
p90 ribosomal S6 kinase
S6K
S6 protein kinase also known as mTOR/p70, mTOR p70 ribosomal S6 kinase
SGK1
serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1
SKAR
S6K Aly/REF-like substrate
TJ
tight junction, also known as zonula occludens
TOP
5′-terminal oligopyrimidine
TSC1/2
tuberous sclerosis complex ½ containing TSC1 (hamartin) and TSC2 (tuberin)
ZO-1
zonula occludens-1
1. INTRODUCTION
Spermatogenesis takes place in the seminiferous epithelium, which is
composed of germ and Sertoli cells with the Sertoli cell serving as the “mother”
or the “nursery” cell that supports and nourishes germs cells at different stages
of their development (
Cheng and Mruk, 2010a
;
Griswold, 1998
;
Mruk and
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