Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
FSH follicle stimulating hormone
GJ gap junction
HnRNP heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein
IGF insulin-like growth factor
JAM junctional adhesion molecule
KGF keratinocyte growth factor
Lgl lethal giant larvae
LH luteinizing hormone
mLST8 target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8, also known as mTOR associated
protein LST8 homolog
MAGUK membrane-associated guanylate kinase
MDCK cells Madin-Darby canine kidney cells
MMP matrix metalloproteinase
MTOR mammalian target of rapamycin complex
mTORC1 mTOR complex 1
mTORC2 mTOR complex 2
N-WASP neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
PAR partitioning defective protein
PDK1 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIKK PI3K-related kinase
PIP2 phosphatidylinositol (4, 5)-bisphosphate
PIP3 phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-triphosphate
PKB protein kinase B also known as Akt
PKC protein kinase C
PKP-2 plakophilin-2
PRAS40 proline-rich Akt-PKB substrate 40 kDa
PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10
Raptor regulatory associated protein of mTOR
Rheb Ras-homolog enrich in brain
Rictor rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR
rpS6 ribosomal protein S6
RSK p90 ribosomal S6 kinase
S6K S6 protein kinase also known as mTOR/p70, mTOR p70 ribosomal S6 kinase
SGK1 serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1
SKAR S6K Aly/REF-like substrate
TJ tight junction, also known as zonula occludens
TOP 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine
TSC1/2 tuberous sclerosis complex ½ containing TSC1 (hamartin) and TSC2 (tuberin)
ZO-1 zonula occludens-1
1. INTRODUCTION
Spermatogenesis takes place in the seminiferous epithelium, which is
composed of germ and Sertoli cells with the Sertoli cell serving as the “mother”
or the “nursery” cell that supports and nourishes germs cells at different stages
of their development ( Cheng and Mruk, 2010a ; Griswold, 1998 ; Mruk and
 
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