Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
pathways. This dual role of the UPR has become an important target of
study since failure in its activation has been implicated in the onset of mul-
tiple pathologies.
One emerging area of study is the ER's ability to interact with other
cellular organelles. Contacts between cellular structures and compartments
are important in cellular regulation, especially of metabolism and apoptosis.
The dynamic nature of various organelles makes their interface susceptible
to be remodeled depending on cellular homeostasis; however, this is a topic
that still requires more attention.
The properties of the ER determine the physiology of different organs,
allowing them to fulfill their normal functions. Sensing of nutrient levels,
continuous calcium signaling, protein aggregation and adaptation to ever-
changing environments are processes in which the ER plays a vital role.
Despite the advances accomplished in the treatment of diabetes, cardio-
vascular pathologies, neurodegeneration and cancer, many strategies based
on ER function are not yet fully understood and remain to be developed.
Additional studies should address the enormous therapeutic opportunities
the ER holds.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the support of Comision Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONICYT), Chile:
FONDAP 15010006 (S.L., A.Q. and E.J.), Anillo de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología
ACT1111 (S.L., A.Q. and E.J.), FONDECYT 1120212 (S.L.), FONDECYT 1090071
(A.F.G.Q.). R.B., V.P., D.G., A.E.R. and F.P. hold fellowships from CONICYT, Chile.
REFERENCES
Abel, E.D., Doenst, T., 2011. Mitochondrial adaptations to physiological vs. pathological
cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc. Res. 90, 234-242.
Adham, I.M., Eck, T.J., Mierau, K., Müller, N., Sallam, M.A., Paprotta, I., Schubert, S., Hoyer-
Fender, S., Engel, W., 2005. Reduction of spermatogenesis but not fertility in Creb3l4-
deficient mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 7657-7664.
Al-Qusairi, L., Laporte, J., 2011. T-tubule biogenesis and triad formation in skeletal muscle
and implication in human diseases. Skelet. Muscle 1, 26.
Anderson, D.J., Hetzer, M.W., 2007. Nuclear envelope formation by chromatin-mediated
reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum. Nat. Cell Biol. 9, 1160-1166.
Anelli, T., Sitia, R., 2008. Protein quality control in the early secretory pathway. EMBO J.
27, 315-327.
Apodaca, J., Kim, I., Rao, H., 2006. Cellular tolerance of prion protein PrP in yeast involves
proteolysis and the unfolded protein response. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347,
319-326.
Asada, R., Kanemoto, S., Kondo, S., Saito, A., Imaizumi, K., 2011. The signalling from endo-
plasmic reticulum-resident bZIP transcription factors involved in diverse cellular physi-
ology. J. Biochem. 149, 507-518.
Ashby, M.C., Tepikin, A.V., 2001. ER calcium and the functions of intracellular organelles.
Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 12, 11-17.
Search WWH ::




Custom Search