Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Unfolded Protein Response: Dynamics and Metabolic Integration - International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology - page 213

CHAPTER FIVE

Endoplasmic Reticulum and
the Unfolded Protein Response:
Dynamics and Metabolic
Integration

Roberto Bravo * , Valentina Parra * , Damián Gatica * , Andrea E. Rodri-
guez * , Natalia Torrealba * , Felipe Paredes * , Zhao V. Wang † ,
Antonio Zorzano ‡ , Joseph A. Hill † , Enrique Jaimovich * , ** ,
Andrew F.G. Quest * , ** , Sergio Lavandero * , ** , †,1
*Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences/Faculty of
Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
** Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
† Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas,
TX, USA
‡
Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
1 Corresponding author: E-mail: [e-mail]

Contents
1. Introduction 216

2. Structure,FunctionandDynamicsofEndoplasmicReticulum 218

2.1. GeneralStructureofEndoplasmicRecticulum 218

2.1.1. Rough ER Sheets and Smooth ER Tubules 218

2.1.2. Nuclear Envelope 220

2.1.3. Lipid-Raft-like Domains 220

2.2. FunctionsofEndoplasmicReticulum 221

2.2.1. Protein Synthesis in Endoplasmic Reticulum 221

2.2.2. Endoplasmic Reticulum and Calcium Homeostasis 222

2.2.3. Lipid Synthesis at Endoplasmic Reticulum 224

2.3. EndoplasmicReticulumDynamics 225

2.4. ContactsbetweenERandOtherOrganelles 226

3. ERStressandUnfoldedProteinResponse 228

3.1. GeneralAspectsoftheUPR 228

3.2. ERStressSensors 230

3.2.1. IRE1 Pathway 230

3.2.2. PERK Pathway 232

3.2.3. ATF6 Pathway and Novel-Related Sensors 234

3.3. IntegralResponseorCrossTalkbetweenDiferentUPRBranches 236

4. EndoplasmicReticulumandProteinDegradation 237

4.1. EndoplasmicReticulumQualityControl 237

4.2. MisfoldedProteinDegradationthroughERADandAutophagy 239