Principles, Methodology and Tools for Engineering Cloud Computing Systems - Advanced Design Approaches to Emerging Software Systems - page 272

IaaS scalability is essentially based on de-
ploying new VMs and load balancing incoming
requests. Although the automation mechanisms are
still in their infancy a clear trend is observed in this
way. SaaS (PaaS can be considered as a subset of
SaaS services devoted to increase developing and
maintenance procedures productivity) scalability
currently relies on traditional programming meth-
ods to optimize resource usage without decreasing
performance. New techniques are clearly required
in order to optimize the scaling potential of all the
currently available Cloud layers.
SaaS delivery models imply a series of require-
ments for the different stakeholders in the Cloud.
PaaS and SaaS providers will rely on transparent
and automated IaaS scaling mechanisms to offer
their PaaS or SaaS features to programmers/service
providers or application providers, respectively.

Chang, F., Dean, J., Ghemawat, S., Hsies, W. C.,
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A distributed storage system for structured data.
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