Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.1
Sediment fluxes of major rivers of the world, showing catchment areas, sediment load, sediment yield,
erosion rates, and runoff for world's rivers with catchments
>
200 000 km
2
. Modified after Milliman and Syvitski (1992).
Erosion rate
(mm/yr)
River
Area (
×
10
6
km
2
)
Load (
×
10
6
t/yr)
Yield (t/km
2
yr)
Runoff (mm/yr)
(A) High mountain (
3000 m)
Magdalena (Colombia)
>
0.24
220
920
0.341
990
Irrawaddy (Burma)
0.43
260
620
0.230
995
Brahmaputra (Bangladesh)
0.61
540
890
0.330
Colorado (USA)
0.63
120
190
0.070
32
Indus (Pakistan)
0.97
250
260
0.096
245
Ganges (Bangladesh)
0.98
520
530
0.196
Orinoco (Venezuela)
0.99
150
150
0.056
1100
Yangtze (China)
1.9
480
250
0.093
460
Parana (Argentina)
2.6
79
30
0.011
165
Mississippi (USA)
3.3
400
120
0.044
150
Amazon (Brazil)
6.1
1200
190
0.070
100
(B) Mountain (1000-3000 m), South Asia/Oceania
Krishna (India)
0.25
64
260
0.096
140
Godavari (India)
0.31
170
550
0.204
270
Pearl (China)
0.44
69
160
0.059
690
Huanghe (China)
0.77
1100
1400
0.519
77
Mekong (Vietnam)
0.79
160
200
0.074
590
(C) Mountain (1000-3000 m), N/S America, Africa, Alpine Europe, etc.
Fraser (Canada)
0.22
20
91
0.034
510
Columbia (USA)
0.67
15
22
0.008
375
Limpopo (Mozambique)
0.41
33
80
0.030
13
Rio Grande (USA)
0.67
20
>
30
>
0.011
Danube (Romania)
0.81
67
83
0.031
250
Yukon (USA)
0.84
60
71
0.026
230
Orange (South Africa)
0.89
89
100
0.037
100
Tigris-Euphrates (Iraq)
1.05
>
53(?)
>
52(?)
>
0.019
45
Murray (Australia)
1.06
30
29
0.011
21
Zambesi (Mozambique)
1.4
48
35
0.013
390
MacKenzie (Canada)
1.8
42
23
0.009
170
Amur (USSR)
1.8
52
28
0.010
180
Nile (Egypt)
3.0
120
40
0.015
30
Zaire (Zaire)
3.8
43
11
0.004
340
(D) Upland (500-1000 m)
Vistula (Poland)
0.20
2.5
13
0.005
165
Uruguay (Uruguay)
0.24
11(?)
45(?)
0.017(?)
Pechora (USSR)
0.25
6.1
25
0.009
415
Hai (China)
0.26
14
55
0.020
Indagirka (USSR)
0.36
14
39
0.014
150
Volta (Ghana)
0.40
19
48
0.018
91
Don (Ukraine)
0.42
0.77
18
0.007
Sao Francisco (Brazil)
0.63
6
10
0.004
Niger (Nigeria)
1.2
40
33
0.012
116
Volga (Russia/Ukraine)
1.4
19
15
0.006
400
Ob (USSR)
2.5
16
6
0.002
130
Lena (Russia)
2.5
12
5
0.002
205
Yenisei (Russia)
2.6
13
5
0.002
220
(
continued
)
