Networking and Internetworking - Guide to Cloud Computing for Business and Technology Managers - page 56

workstation. Typical examples of streaming audio are popular and classical
music, live radio broadcasts, and historical or archived lectures, music, and
radio broadcasts. Typical examples of streaming video include prerecorded
television shows and other video productions, lectures, and live video pro-
ductions. Businesses can use streaming audio and video to provide training
videos, product samples, and live feeds from corporate offices, to name a few
examples.
2.3.1.7 Instant Messages, Tweets, and Blogs
Instant messaging (IM) allows a user to see if people are currently logged
in on the network and, if they are, to send them short messages in real time.
Many users, especially those in the corporate environment, are turning away
from e-mail and using instant messaging as a means of communicating. The
advantages of instant messaging include real-time conversations, server stor-
age savings (because you are not storing and forwarding instant messages,
as you would e-mails), and the capability to carry on a silent conversation
between multiple parties. Service providers such as AOL, Microsoft's MSN,
and Yahoo!, as well as a number of other software companies, incorporate
instant messaging into their products.
2.4 World Wide Web
The WWW was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990 at CERN in Geneva,
Switzerland. CERN is a key European and international center for research in
the nuclear field, and several thousand physicists and scientists work there.
Berners-Lee first came to CERN in 1980 for a short contract programming
assignment. He came from a strong scientific background as both his parents
had been involved in the programming of the Mark I computer at Manchester
University in the 1950s. He graduated in physics in the mid-1970s at Oxford
University in England. Berners-Lee's invention of the WWW was a revolution-
ary milestone in computing. It has transformed the way that businesses oper-
ate as well as transforming the use of the Internet from mainly academic (with
some commercial use) to an integral part of peoples' lives.
One of the problems that scientists at CERN faced was that of keeping
track of people, computers, documents, databases, etc. This problem was
more acute due to the international nature of CERN, as the center had many
visiting scientists from overseas who spent several months there. It also
had a large pool of permanent staff. Visiting scientists used to come and
go, and in the late 1980s, there was no efficient and effective way to share
information among scientists. It was often desirable for a visiting scientist
to obtain information or data from the CERN computers. In other cases,