Mobile Applications - Guide to Cloud Computing for Business and Technology Managers - page 491

from the device and deliver the right service to the right user on
virtually any device:

a. Federated identity : In a mobile environment, users are not seen

as individuals (e.g., mobile subscribers) to software applications
and processes who are tied to a particular domain, but rather as
entities that are free to traverse multiple service networks. This
requirement demands a complete federated network identity
model to tie the various personas of an individual without com-
promising privacy or loss of ownership of the associated data.
The federated network identity model allows the implementa-
tion of seamless single sign-on for users interacting with appli-
cations (Nokia 2004). It also ensures that user identity, including
transactional information and other personal information, is not
tied to a particular device or service, but rather is free to move
with the user between service providers. Furthermore, it guaran-
tees that only appropriately authorized parties are able to access
protected information.

b. Policy : User policy, including roles and access rights, is an impor-

tant requirement for allowing users not only to have service
access within their home network but also to move outside it and
still receive the same access to services. Knowing who the user
is and what role they fulfill at the moment they are using a par-
ticular service is essential to providing the right service at the
right instance. The combination of federated identity and policy
enables service providers and users to strike a balance between
access rights and user privacy

c. Federated context : Understanding what the user is doing, what they

ask, why it is being requested, where they are, and what device
they are using is an essential requirement. The notion of feder-
ated context means accessing and acting upon a user's current
location, availability, presence, and role, for example, at home, at
work, on holiday, and other situational attributes. This requires
the intelligent synthesis of information available from all parts of
the end-to-end network and allows service providers and enter-
prises to deliver relevant and timely applications and services to
end users in a personalized manner. For example, information
about the location and availability of a user's device may reside
on the wireless network, the user's calendar may be on the enter-
prise intranet, and preferences may be stored in a portal.

2. To help create Web Services standards that will enable new busi-
ness opportunities by delivering integrated services across station-
ary (fixed) and wireless networks. Mobile Web Services use existing
industry-standard XML-based Web Services architecture to expose
mobile network services to the broadest audience of developers.