Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
35. Epstein et al. 2000, 2001; Epstein and Bassein 2003; Zhang et al. 2004;
Elliott et al. 2004.
36. Winegrapes and almonds have comparable acreages in California.
Winegrapes used less than 10 percent the organophosphates of almonds (Elliot
et al. 2004, table 1A).
37. Nick Frey of the Sonoma winegrape partnership reports that winegrape pes-
ticide use has declined in his county every year since 1997, even as grape acreage
has increased by 50 percent during this period. Materials under FQPA review
decreased between 1999 and 2001, and the acreage treated with these materials
declined to 49 percent (Sonoma County Grape Growers Association 2003b; also
documented in Campos and Zhang 2003 and in Campos and Zhang 2004,
2005). The efforts of the Central Coast Vineyard Team are documented in
McDavit and O'Connor 2004.
Chapter 4
1. This narrative is based on the following sources: interviews with Karl Kupers,
Tom Platt, and Chris Feise in August 2000; USEPA 1997c and 1998; Lucido
1999; Donovan 1999; AgHorizons Team 2000; Roberts 2001. Karl Arne and
Diana Roberts also contributed.
2. No-till farming does not cultivate the soil at all. Ridge-till farming only
ploughs a few inches on the top of ridges to prepare a small seedbed. Ridge-till
farming is not used in the Pacific Northwest for grain crops.
3. Sources of information on the Dakota Lakes Farm: Donovan 1999; Dwayne
Beck, personal communication.
4. Source of this quotation and the next: Donovan 1999.
5. For a discussion, see National Research Council 1993, pp. 322-325.
6. Allan Savory (1988) developed the Holistic Resource Management approach
to agriculture, wildlife management, and social equity in Zimbabwe (formerly
Rhodesia). Dwayne Beck drew from the HRM approach's integration of human
values into growers' decision making. The Chilean agronomist Carlos Crovetto
Lamarca (1996) also integrated HRM into field crop systems. In the US, graziers
and ranchers have used HRM more than other agricultural producers.
7. Described in USEPA 1997b.
8. See discussion in chapter 4 of Warner 2004.
9. Stephen Stoll (1998, p. 32) writes of late-nineteenth-century California:
“. . . the men and women who took up irrigated lands to cultivate trees and vines
did not choose to do so because farming was the only life they had ever known,
nor because they identified virtue with work close to the soil. Fruit growers were
more likely to see themselves as business people than as toilers; indeed, the peo-
ple who settled crop districts from San Jose to San Diego often refused the title
'farmer.' Instead they referred to themselves as 'growers'—orchard capitalists—
and they expected more from the fruit business than a bare living. As one
promoter put it, they wanted 'farming that pays.'”
