Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 3
1. Rick Reed, Bob Bugg, Lonnie Hendricks, Glenn Anderson, and Augie Feder
were the BIOS pioneers. Hendricks began his study of the Anderson brothers'
orchards in 1988, and Bugg and Reed brought their ideas about an extension
project to them in 1992. Sources for the almond BIOS case study are presented
fully in the methodological appendix of Warner 2004. Pence 1998 substantially
informs this case study.
2. The history of these organizations is recounted in Campbell 2001 and in
CAFF 2004. After the tomato harvester lawsuit, the California Agrarian Action
Project went on to advocate for more environmental laws to regulate pesticides
during the early 1980s. In renamed itself the California Action Network in 1985,
and then joined with California Association of Family Farmers in 1993 to
become Community Alliance with Family Farmers.
3. The California Action Network, the California Association of Family
Farmers, the Committee for Sustainable Agriculture, and the California Clean
Growers Association came together to form Farmers for Alternative Agricultural
Research. The 1990 “Big Green” environmental ballot initiative and its private
industry-backed competitor each designated $30 million for alternative agricul-
tural research, but neither of them was passed. Anderson, Buxman, and
Masumoto were members of the California Action Network or the California
Association of Family Farmers.
4. In 1991, UC Berkeley Entomology doctoral student Jeff Dlott had
approached CCGA about conducing his PhD field work in their orchards. Dlott
wanted to study insect ecology that could lead to more agroecological practices,
but also to investigate the contribution growers could make to agroecological
research. For information on the CCGA partnership, see Dlott, Altieri, and
Masumoto 1994. CCGA member Mas Masumoto (1995) wrote
Epitaph for a
Peach
(illustrated by fellow member and artist Paul Buxman), which describes
Dlott's research from the grower's point of view. Both growers had participated
in Farmers for Alternative Agricultural Research.
5. On the history of the problem of diazinon, see USEPA 2000a,b. A cursory
glance at the list of California's Central Valley waterways failing to meet Clean
Water Act water quality goals (the “303d list” named after that provision in the
Clean Water Act) reveals diazanon to be a chief contaminant (Central Valley
Regional Water Quality Control Board 2002).
6. Initial water quality impacts were reported in Foe 1987, These findings are
detailed further in Kuivila and Foe 1995. The report on fog (Glotfelty, Seiber, and
Liljedahl 1987) came during the initial era of concern about acid rain.
7. The knowledge controversies associated with BIOS are described in great
detail in Pence 1998 and in Pence and Grieshop 2001.
8. Source: Dlott et al. 1996.
9. Private foundation funders included the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation,
the Pew Charitable Trust, and the Foundation for Deep Ecology. The National
