Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Satellite system
(Howard)
Decentralised
concentration
Compact City with
linear centre
Functional city
Compact City
Point
Edge city
Area
Line
Axial system
Broadacre City
(F.L. Wright)
Linear City
(Soria y Mata)
'Middle landscape'
Comb structure
(MARS Plan)
Linear city with lateral
central axes (Brasilia)
Figure 1.25
A typology of land use organisation plans
Source
: Wegener and Fürst, 1999; Albers, 1974.
Of course, this is tempered by the complexity of decision-making in travel, as people don't
always select their nearest destinations, and there may be issues of 'self selection' (whether
particular locations may be associated with certain travel behaviours, or whether people
with particular types of attitude are attracted to certain urban forms) (Bohte et al., 2009; Cao
et al., 2009; Naess, 2009). There is certainly an uncertain level of 'discernment' in activity
choice, including issues beyond the travel implication; and there are also acceptability and
affordability concerns around urban living for a large cohort of the population (Breheny, 1992;
1997; Hickman and Banister, 2012).
There is a more controversial position, largely from the neo-liberal or free market perspective,
of not supporting public intervention in planning, or in deeming that policies to combat urban
sprawl are ineffective, or that the public, in the main, wish to live in areas at low density
