Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1973
2007
Transport
Industry
Non-energy Use
Other Sectors
Transport
Industry
Non-energy Use
Other Sectors
12.8%
23.2%
45.4%
16.8%
11.5%
61.3%
9.2%
19.9%
Figure 1.8
Global oil consumption
Note
: * Other sectors include agriculture, commercial and public services, residential and other non-specified sectors.
Source
: International Energy Agency, 2010b.
1973
2008
3.0%
1.9%
2.7%
3.6%
3.0%
5.7%
10.3%
43.0%
14.4%
22.3%
1.7%
65.8%
1.0%
3.8%
8.3%
3.5%
0.9%
5.1%
Figure 1.9
Regional share of CO2 emissions
Notes
:
*
Asia excludes China. ** World includes international aviation and marine bunkers, which are shown together as
Bunkers .
Source
: Data from International Energy Agency, 2010b.
If the Stern (2009) '2 tonnes per capita per annum' equity argument is developed in the
transport sector, and it is assumed that transport accounts for 25 per cent of CO2 emissions,
this equates to around 0.5 tonnes per capita within transport. There are important issues to
debate within this broad objective, whether an equitable target by city or wider jurisdictions
is achievable, or indeed necessary, not to mention the costs and wider economic and social
impacts. However, this approach does provide a benchmark for city comparison. A tradable
element may provide some flexibility in emission allocation and 'spend', but the aggregate
reductions would still need to be made somewhere in the transport sector or elsewhere, and
at some spatial level.
The implications vary markedly internationally, and the response will need to be tailored
according to city type, including a very wide range of measures which differ by context
