Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
9
The
keiretsu
is a uniquely Japanese form of corporate organisation - a grouping or family of affiliated
companies working in alliance towards each other's mutual success. They often include a main bank,
common shareholding, and seconded/common directors, and cover most of the parts of the economic
chain. 'Horizontal' keiretsu are headed by the major Japanese banks and include the Mitsui and Mitsubishi
groups. 'Vertical' keiretsu are industrial groups, connecting manufacturers and suppliers, wholesalers and
retailers, such as Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Hitachi, Toshiba and Sony.
10
High-speed rail in China refers to any commercial train service with an average speed of 200 km/h
(120 mph) or higher.
For more information see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing-Shanghai_High-Speed_Railway
As a comparator, 200 gCO2/km equates to 8.7 l/100 km; 150 gCO2/km equates to 6.5 l/100 km;
80 gCO2/km equates to 3.5 l/100 km if petrol conversion factors are used. Conversion factors are as
follows: gCO2/km = 22.961 _ petrol l/100 km or gCO2/km = 26.05 _ diesel l/100 km. Actual average
fleet figures are uncertain due to issues with fuel sales data and real world fuel economy, as opposed to
test cycle.
'China to add 12 cities to green vehicle subsidy pilot program', available at
http://autonews.gasgoo.com/
14
'China's new energy vehicle goals dwarf the US', available at
www.energyboom.com/yes/chinas-new-
