Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
270
Proposed or contested
Enacted
250
United States
230
California
210
Republic of Korea
190
PRC
Australia
170
150
European Union
Japan
120
110
90
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
Figure 6.30
Vehicle fuel efficiency standards
Note
: NEDC = New European Driving Cycle.
Source
: An and Sauer, 2004; CAI-Asia and ICCT, 2009.
The assumed vehicle-emission profile, as used in the Scenario 4, is shown in
Table 6.9
.
The projected progress is ambitious in aiming for a target below 100 gCO2/km by 2030, but
there is a risk here in relying too heavily on vehicle technology improvements, as there may
be difficulties in implementation, but such targets provide an opportunity for demonstrating
the steps that need to be taken. Hybrid car technologies are becoming available in China's
vehicle market. FAW, for example, has started building the Prius in association with Toyota
(available from 2006), and compressed natural gas and electric vehicles both have considerable
potential. Jinan is one of the New Energy Vehicle Pilot Cities, and it is building a number of
electric vehicle charging stations, so is beginning to provide the necessary low emission vehicle
infrastructure.
Jinan follows the national standards for fuel efficiency and does not have particular local
regulations. Privately owned vehicles account for more than 80 per cent of total vehicles and
this is likely to continue to increase. Restricting vehicle ownership through vehicle registration
(following the Shanghai or Beijing model) can be used to control the rapid increase in vehicle
population in Jinan. Car rental and sharing schemes have not developed in Jinan, but can
provide another approach to reducing the total vehicle population and the use of vehicles.
Table 6.9
Assumed vehicle-emission profiles (car/taxi, gCO2/km)
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
178.2
169.5
145.5
125.0
107.3
92.2
