Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
to expand eastward, with the urban area expanding to the third ring road. This will increase
the urban area to 410 km
2
by 2020.
The area around Jinan is one of the oldest urban centres in China; it was known during the
Zhou Dynasty (1045
BC
-256
BC
) as the city of Lixia; and Lixia is now the name of one of
the city's central districts. Marco Polo, the well-known Venetian explorer who travelled to
China in the thirteenth century, visited the area and described it as Chingli. When the Ming
Dynasty (1368-1644) created Shandong province, Jinan became its capital. Jinan is also known
as the 'City of Springs', due to the artesian springs found in the urban centre and surrounds,
many of which converge into Daming Lake. Jinan was developed around textile and flour
milling and also a machine-building industry. By the early 1970s Jinan had become one of the
main centres of China's car manufacturing industry, developing a wide range of heavy trucks
and earth-moving machinery. Jinan is the cultural centre of the region of Shandong, with
agricultural, medical, and engineering colleges and several universities, notably Shandong
University, founded in 1901. The surrounding area has many well-known sites, including Mount
Tai, a designated UNESCO World Heritage site (from 1987) (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010).
Table 6.3
Jinan - some statistics
Metric
Comment
City tree and flower
Chinese willow and the lotus
Metropolitan area (2009)
8,177 km
2
Population
Jinan Urban Area (2009)
3,482,000
Metropolitan Area (2009)
6,032,700
Jinan Metropolitan Area (1949)
3,052,000
Population density
738 persons/km
2
The Cultural Revolution
a
apparently started in Jinan in 1966
with an article in the
Jinan Evening News
denouncing the
vice-governor
Selected political history
GDP per capita (2009)
Jinan: US$9,800 (64,000 CYN);
China: US$3,350 (22,698 CYN)
Economic growth (2009)
Jinan 17.7%;
China 9%
Mode share (2009)
21% car, 10% walk, 43% bus, 24% bicycle, 2% taxi
Bus rapid transit network
6 routes - 112 km, with 35 km as dedicated routes,
and 55 BRT buses. A flat fare of 10p
CO2 reduction target
The Copenhagen Accord Pledge (2010) for China is to
reduce carbon intensity by 40-45% by 2020 compared to
2005 levels
Transport CO2 emissions (2010)
*
0.51 tonnes CO2 per capita
Notes
:
*
Including car, bus, motorcycle, taxi and non-motorised modes within Jinan metropolitan area, but not freight or international
travel.
a
The Cultural Revolution was led by Mao Zedong, Chairman of the PRC from 1949 to 1959 and of the Communist Party
from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. The Cultural Revolution followed the 'Great Leap Forward' and
aimed to remove liberal elements in the Party and society at large. It resulted in widespread persecution, death, and the
destruction of historical sites and culture. It included an (unsuccessful) attempt to reverse the meaning of the red traffic
light to 'go'! (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010).
Source
: China National Bureau of Statistics, 2009; Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010.
