Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 5.19 Two- and three-wheelers. A low carbon mobility scenario in India could build on the current
high proportion of two- and three-wheelers and small sized cars.
space could be promoted alongside high-quality streetscapes designed to meet the needs of
pedestrians and cyclists.
Rather than active travel being the mode of necessity for those unable to afford motor
vehicles, it would become the mode of choice, including amongst the higher income groups.
Hence the Dutch model is followed, where cycling (including rickshaws) becomes the mode
of choice for all since these modes are cheaper and quicker, and can provide an active and
healthy means of travel. There is substantial investment in infrastructure designed for pedestrians
and cyclists, perhaps also with road pricing, traffic demand management, restrictions for car
parking and access, reduced speed limits, and behavioural change initiatives (e.g. marketing,
raised environmental awareness and travel planning). To make major progress in mode shift
there may be a need for carbon rationing or other form of 'currency' based around carbon
use (Hillman and Fawcett, 2004).
Scenario 4: Towards sustainable transport  This scenario seeks to successfully deliver both
technological and behavioural elements of a sustainable transport system, including a major
transition towards the use of low carbon emission vehicles and increased active transport.
There would be a 203 per cent increase in CO2 emissions from 1990, and the per capita levels
would be around 0.36 tonnes. The scenario is designed to perform well against environmental
and social objectives, as CO2 emission reductions and mass access to active travel are central
features. Public acceptability would presumably be high, with a focus on quality of travel and
increased accessibility rather than an increasing quantity of motorised travel. This scenario
might be difficult to implement politically, as it requires a high level of coordination and a
much changed policy focus. Certainly civil society and government would need to work
together to develop a progressive, forward-looking transport and city development strategy
 
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