Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
gaming and e-interaction world. Perhaps these new means of social interaction can be utilised
to develop the 'strategic conversations' of Van der Heijden (1996) and others. This is critically
required in transport planning, perhaps leading to a much widened participation in decision-
making. Ultimately, much better progress in the implementation of supposedly radical measures
can be achieved. Consensus building over transport futures hence becomes ever more important.
Participatory scenario analysis and backcasting can perhaps help provide some of the answers,
but of course we have a long way to go from our current problem of unrestrained autonomy.
Notes
1
The INTRA-SIM Oxfordshire study was developed by Halcrow and University of Oxford, Transport
Studies Unit, and funded by Oxfordshire County Council, 2009-10. It includes the development of an
INTRA-SIM model (Integrated Transport Appraisal, Decision Support and Simulation) that can be used
to explore the major strategic investment choices available and their likely multi-criteria impacts (Hickman
et al., 2010b).
2
SATURN and Emme are both travel demand software packages and well used in the UK.
3
The Beeching Report reviewed the need for an extensive railway network in Great Britain in view of
increasing motorisation. It recommended that all lines should be run as profitable concerns, and that the
financial losses being incurred by poorly used services should be reduced. The report started by quoting
the prime minister, from 1960, to provide its overall aim: 'First, the industry must be of a size and pattern
suited to modern conditions and prospects. In particular, the railway system must be modelled to meet
current needs, and the modernisation plan must be adapted to this new shape.' Out of a total of 29,000
km of railway, Beeching recommended that 9,700 km, including commuter, industrial and rural branch
lines, should be closed, and that some of the remaining lines should be kept open only for freight. Over
2,000 stations were recommended for closure. The report prompted much concern from local commun-
ities who were to lose their rail services, many of which had no other options for public transport, and
to this day have since relied on either replacement bus services or usually use of the private car. Over
11,000 km of lines were removed in the period 1950-1974 (Beeching, 1963).
 
 
 
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