Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Figure 4.2
St. John Street, Oxford. The quintessential historic university city - with a very high quality of
life and beautiful built fabric in the central areas and inner suburbs.
Source
: Harry Rutter.
with movement usually facilitated by the car. The level of funding available for transport
investment is much reduced as compared to a metropolitan area. Policy interventions are also
likely to have a diversity of impacts against other policy objectives (in addition to CO2) and
their spatial impacts will also be very variable.
The methodology is therefore progressed, or at least considered from a wider perspective,
to consider the impact of low CO2 scenarios relative to wider multi-criteria impacts. Low
CO2 transport futures need to perform well against wider sustainability objectives (including
the strategic and local environmental, economic, social and safety dimensions). This is a critical
issue, but low CO2 transport strategies are in an early stage of development, hence the
consideration of multiple goal achievement has rarely been considered. Certainly it is very
difficult to develop 'optimised' strategies that perform well against multiple objectives, as
policy objectives often act in competing directions. The analysis draws on work carried out
in the INTRA-SIM Oxfordshire study (Hickman et al., 2010b).
1
The county of Oxfordshire has a population of 653,800 (Office for National Statistics, 2012).
It comprises the historic university city of Oxford - the 'city of dreaming spires' (Arnold,
1866) - with origins stretching back to the fifth-century Saxons. There are also a number of
large towns (such as Banbury, Bicester and Didcot), several smaller towns (such as Chipping
Norton, Wallingford and Henley), and rural villages and more remote rural areas. West