Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
impacts of packaging of policy options and the strategic policy choices that need to be made.
TC-SIM was hence developed as a visualisation and participation tool, including elements of
policy packaging, scenario building and a policy discussion platform, with a spatial base for
London, around which decisions concerning possible future policy packages and scenarios
can be made. The twelve policy packages (PP) considered for London cover:
•
PP1: Low-emission vehicles
•
PP2: Alternative fuels
•
PP3: Pricing regimes
•
PP4: Public transport
•
PP5: Walking and cycling
•
PP6: Urban planning
•
PP7: Information and communication technologies (ICT)
•
PP8: Smarter choice behavioural measures
•
PP9: Ecological driving and slower speeds
•
PP10: Long distance travel substitution
•
PP11: Freight transport
•
PP12: International air travel.
The application of a range of policy packages, clustered as a scenario, can then seek to
meet the gap between BAU projections and strategic target (
Figure 3.22
)
. This is similar in
approach to the 'stabilisation wedges' methodology (Pacala and Socolow, 2004), considering
how individual measures or groups of policy measures contribute to an end target, but rather
than similar-sized wedges, calculates what the different contribution might be according to
16
PP1: Low Emission Vehicles
PP2: Alternative Fuels
PP3: Pricing Regimes
PP4: Public Transport
PP5: Walking and Cycling
PP6: Urban Planning
PP7: ICT and Travel
PP8: Soft Measures
PP9: Ecological Driving and Slower Speeds
PP10: Long Distance Travel Substitution
PP11: Freight Planning
PP12: International Air Travel
EM1: Carbon Rationing
EM2: Oil Prices
SYO: Synergies
14
11.70 MtCO
2
BAU 2025
12
Today
9.60 MtCO
2
10
9.92 MtCO
2
8
7.94 MtCO
2
10 Year Target =
20% by 2016
6
4
3.97 MtCO
2
Target for
London = 60%
by 2025
2
1.98 MtCO
2
Target = 80% by 2050
2006
2016
2025
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Year
Figure 3.22
Policy packages to bridge the gap
