Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3.1; 7%
9.6; 22%
Industry
Commercial and pubic sector
Domestic
Ground transport
14.5; 33%
16.7; 38%
Figure 3.18
Cross-sectoral CO2 emissions
Source
: Based on TfL, 2009.
2%
6%
12%
Ground-based aviation
National Rail
Underground
HGV
LGV
Car and motorcycle
Taxi and PHV
Bus and coach
9%
6%
46%
9%
8%
Figure 3.19
Transport CO2 emissions disaggregated
Source
: Transport for London, 2011.
transport is higher, and outer London where there is greater car dependency. Even in the
progressive cities such as London, areas around the key radial routes, such as along the
Westway or parts of the suburbs, are designed around the car: 'whole parts of the built
environment are now a mute but still eloquent testimony to the automobile' (Thrift, 2004,
p. 46). This figure has now been reduced to 1.15 tCO2 per person (2010).
The analysis in this chapter develops and explores likely pathways towards the adopted
strategic target - a 60 per cent reduction in transport CO2 emissions by 2025 on a 1990
baseline. This is a radical drop to 4 MtCO2 in aggregate, representing 0.5 tonnes CO2 per
person. An 80 per cent reduction by 2050 is even more demanding (
Table 3.3
).
As well as 'end state' targets, carbon budgets are also important, as this is the 'area under
the curve' and represents the amount of CO2 emitted over time (Anderson et al., 2008). A
focus on budgets can, in theory, help improve implementation timescales, with a greater focus
on speed of implementation; a different speed of CO2 reduction achieves a very different
'carbon spend'. The UK Committee on Climate Change has usefully developed 5-year budgets
