Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.2
London - some statistics
Issue
Comment
Demonym
Londoner
Population
Greater London (2011)
8.17 million
Metropolitan area (2007)
12-14 million
London urban area (1801)
850,000
Executive head
Mayor of London, created in 2000, currently held
by Boris Johnson
1,600 km
2
Area
Population density
5,100/km
2
Commuters
1.06 million people enter central London during the
morning peak (7-10 a.m.)
Mode share (by journey stage) (2010)
36% car, 21% walk, 20% bus, 10% Underground,
9% rail, 2% bicycle
Smartcard ticketing (2012)
The Oyster card accounts for 80% of journey stages
on public transport
Travel cost, single, zones 1-4 morning peak,
£5.50 cash; £2.70 Oyster card
Underground ticket (2013)
Congestion charge (into central London
£10.00
cordon - 2012)
CO2 reduction target
60% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2025, applied
across all sectors, on a 1990 base
Total transport CO2 emissions (2010)
9.39 MtCO2
Per capita transport CO2 emissions (2010)
1.15 tCO2 per person
Transport % of total
20%
Note
:
a
Journey stages and trips represent different travel metrics. A trip is a complete one-way movement from origin to destination
by one person for a single purpose. A stage is a part of a trip using a single mode of travel (TfL, 2006).
Source
: Transport for London, 2007; Hickman et al., 2009a; Transport for London, 2010; Transport for London, 2011;
Office for National Statistics, 2012.
per day in 2010, increasing from under 21 million per day in 1994. In 2010, the car accounted
for 40 per cent of trips, with most usage in outer London. Walking accounted for 24 per cent,
bus 15 per cent, rail 9.3 per cent and Underground at 8.5 per cent (Transport for London,
2011). Public transport is of course very well utilised for commuting trips into central London.
In governance terms, London has also developed strong mechanisms to enable strategic
planning. The Greater London Council (GLC) ran from 1965 to 1986, replacing the earlier
London County Council (LCC) which had covered a smaller built-up area. The current GLA
was established in 2000, with a directly elected mayor and London Assembly. The current
mayor (Boris Johnson) is able to make and influence city-wide policies and strategies, including
in urban planning, transport and climate change; set budgets and appoint the board of TfL
and related organisations; hence has a wide-ranging remit. This scope of influence is often
admired in other cities internationally.
