Design Realization/Detailed Design - Medical Device Design: Innovation from Concept to Market - page 191

Table 8.11: Energy Utilization for the Production of Some Common Materials

Material Primary Production (MJ/kg) Secondary - Recycled (MJ/kg) CO 2 (kg/kg)

Aluminum 130-260 47-160 8.48-24

Ferrous 13.4-29.2 9-14 1.32-2.3

Paper based 12-41 13-21 0.0009-0.0027

(Extracted from Grimes et al., 2008)

Table 8.12: 6 σ Seven Wastes Applied to DFE (or Efficiency)

Waste Description/Question

1. Waste of overproduction

l

Does your device produce unnecessary waste by-products - can they
be reduced?

l

Does your packaging use more material than it needs to?

l

Is your design optimal?

2. Waste of waiting

l

Are your end-users “doing” nothing for long periods while using
your device?

l

Does your device stand idle for long periods but still use energy
(standby mode)?

3. Waste of transporting

l

Are you flying components all over the world?

l

Are your components being processed efficiently and in similar
locations?

4. Waste of inappropriate
processing

l

Have you designed your components to be made efficiently?

l

Are they optimized?

l

Do your end-users have numerous processes to go through to reach
the device's ultimate conclusion?

5. Waste of unnecessary inventory

l

Are you using too many parts?

l

Can some parts be made common?

l

Can you go modular?

l

Are all of your packaging items the same or all different?

6. Waste of unnecessary motion

l

Are your components designed in order to be made efficiently?

l

Do your end-users have to perform numerous difficult functions to
use your device?

7. Waste of defects

l

Is your device evaluated to ensure potential failures have been
designed out?

l

Is your manufacturing QM system robust enough to ensure 6 σ type
outcomes?

“New” Waste
7(a) Waste of making the wrong
product

l

Are you listening to your customers and end-users?

l

Do you really know what they want?

7(b) Waste of untapped human
potential

l

Are you including your whole data cloud to influence your design?

l

Are you using the experiences of others to help your design?

l

Are you using the “human body” to provide an energy source?

7(c) Waste of inappropriate
systems

l

Are you throwing a computer at a device for no real reason?

l

Are you including energy-hungry subsystems for no real reason?

7(d) Waste energy

l

Have you really investigated the whole device, how it is going to be
used and it's actual life (whilst in use) to ensure that it is efficient?