Global Positioning System Reference
In-Depth Information
bring a temporal aspect so that maps and visualizations are four dimensional and
reflect the real-time aspects of the real world.
The topic is aimed at both a business and a technical audience and has a
number of objectives: first, to give enough information to appreciate all the
important aspects of Whereness and to give references to allow readers to follow
up in more depth; second, to stress the importance of convergence since no single
technology or dependent business is likely to be adequate; and third, to highlight
the evolving open approach to mapping and other relevant information. This
includes Web 2.0. (a more collaborative Web model) and is being extensively
used to deliver existing maps and images via Web services and also the more
disruptive approach of “folksonomies,” where information is shared freely for the
common good. There is a real prospect that the open approach to mapping and
positioning may map the world in great detail in all environments. A final
objective is to convince readers of the importance of Whereness as part of the
digital networked economy so that the vision can become a reality.
A brief history of navigation is given to introduce unfamiliar terminology and
to give an early appreciation of the many topics that will be covered in later
chapters. The rather fragmented current market for some early Whereness
applications in location-based services and intelligent transportation systems is
introduced and is followed by some general principles that include the following
topics.
The difference between location and the more general position that includes
orientation is explained. How scalability is enhanced by autonomous positioning
rather than a more centralized approach. Why GPS is not adequate. The
importance of ubiquitous computing, a current research theme, is highlighted
together with some related concepts concerning a priori information, personal
profiling, quality of service, the need for an economically pragmatic approach to
infrastructure, and the relevance of mobile robotics.
The next chapter continues to introduce relevant topics and gives a complete
overview of Whereness.
References
[1]
Sobel, D., Longitude, New York: Walker, 1995.
[2]
The International Loran Association, www.loran.org. Dec. 2007.
[3]
Drane, C. R., and C. Rizos, Positioning Systems in Intelligent Transportation ,Norwood, MA:
Artech House, 1998.
[4]
Hightower, J., and G. Borriello, “Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing,” IEEE
Computer Magazine , Aug. 2001, pp. 57-66.
[5]
Evenden, G., “Cartographic Projections Library Originally Written by Gerald Evenden, Then
of the USGS,” http://proj.maptools.org, Dec. 2007.
 
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