Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 12.2 (
Continued
)
Biomass and Lipid Productivities of Microalgae Grown on Various
Wastewater Streams
Biomass
(DW)
Productivity
(mg L
−1
d
−1
)
Lipid
Content
(%DW)
Lipid
Productivity
(mg L
−1
d
−1
)
Wastewater Type
Microalgal Species
Agricultural
(dairy wastewater,
25% dilution)
Mix of Chlorella
sp.,
Micractinium
sp.,
Actinastrum
sp
.
59
h
29
17
Industrial (carpet mill,
untreated)
Botryococcus braunii
34
13.2
4.5
Industrial (carpet mill,
untreated)
Chorella saccharophila
23
18.1
4.2
Industrial (carpet mill,
untreated)
Dunaliella tertiolecta
28
15.2
4.3
Industrial (carpet mill,
untreated)
Pleurochrysis carterae
33
12
4
Artificial wastewater
Scenedesmus
sp.
126.54
12.8
16.2
Source:
From Rawat
et al
.
(2011).
Note:
nd - Not determined.
a
Estimated from biomass value of −1000 mg L
−1
after 40 days.
b
Estimated from biomass value of 1.1 mg L
−1
h
−1
.
c
Estimated from biomass value of 14.4 mg L
−1
h
−1
.
d
Estimated from biomass value of 812 mg L
−1
after 3 days.
e
Estimated from biomass value of 7 g L
−1
after 10 days.
f
Estimated from biomass value of 197 mg L
−1
after 31 days.
g
Estimated from biomass value of 1.71 g L
−1
after 21 days.
h
Estimated from lipid productivity and lipid content value.
i
Fatty acid content and productivity determined rather than total lipid.
12.7 ECONOMICS AND ENERGY BALANCE OF
PHYCOREMEDIATION USING HRAPS
Some researchers have suggested that the production of algal biodiesel would
produce greenhouse emissions, increase the water footprint, and require more
energy than the production of biofuels from corn and canola feedstocks (Park
et al
.
, 2011a). These could, however, offset the use of wastewater as a nutrient
source. Other researchers concluded that algal biodiesel production would be
energetically viable but feedstock inputs would account for almost half of the
energy produced, thus making the process not economically viable. The use of
wastewater will offset this, giving a net increase in the net energy ratio (NER)
(Sturm and Lamer, 2011). Conversion of algal biomass to energy via a multistage
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