ELEMENTARY PROGRAMMING - Introduction to Java Programming - page 64

T ABLE 2.6 Escape Characters
Escape Character Name Unicode Code Decimal Value

Backspace \u0008 8

\b

\t Tab \u0009 9

\n Linefeed \u000A 10

\f Formfeed \u000C 12

Carriage Return 13

\r \u000D

\\ Backslash \u005C 92

\" Double Quote \u0022 34

When a floating-point value is cast into a char , the floating-point value is first cast into an
int , which is then cast into a char .

char ch = ( char ) 65.25 ; // Decimal 65 is assigned to ch

System.out.println(ch); // ch is character A

When a char is cast into a numeric type, the character's Unicode is cast into the specified
numeric type.

int i = ( int ) 'A' ; // The Unicode of character A is assigned to i
System.out.println(i); // i is 65

Implicit casting can be used if the result of a casting fits into the target variable. Otherwise,
explicit casting must be used. For example, since the Unicode of 'a' is 97 , which is within
the range of a byte, these implicit castings are fine:

byte b = 'a' ;
int i = 'a' ;

But the following casting is incorrect, because the Unicode \uFFF4 cannot fit into a byte:

byte b = '\uFFF4' ;

To force this assignment, use explicit casting, as follows:

byte b = ( byte ) '\uFFF4' ;

Any positive integer between 0 and FFFF in hexadecimal can be cast into a character
implicitly. Any number not in this range must be cast into a char explicitly.

Note
All numeric operators can be applied to char operands. A char operand is automati-
cally cast into a number if the other operand is a number or a character. If the other
operand is a string, the character is concatenated with the string. For example, the fol-
lowing statements

numeric operators on
characters

int i = '2' + '3' ; // (int)'2' is 50 and (int)'3' is 51
System.out.println( "i is " + i); // i is 101