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fundamental solution, an alternative energy strategy, as a minimum requirement, is
also needed. Such a strategy could have additional socioeconomic benefits for rural
communities as it provides permanent jobs and reduces time spent on fuelwood col-
lection for those not employed by the program. Training in agriculture could lead to
the changes in land use needed to prevent overgrazing. The ecological recovery that
will be the result of these fundamental solutions could then attract commercial activ-
ities, like nature-based tourism, which could further improve the socioeconomic cir-
cumstances. We conclude that there are many synergies between ecological restora-
tion and socioeconomic development, and that, in theory, it should be possible to put
these synergies into practice.
Acknowledgments
The ARISE management sanctioned and supported our work. Finky Mashimbye as-
sisted with the surveys, and Christelle Fontaine and Evan E. Hjerpe made very help-
ful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript.
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