Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 16.1
Topical Anesthetics
Occlusion
required
Maximum dose/
patient
Anesthetic
Ingredients
Vehicle
Application dose
FDA approved
Advantages
Disadvantages
Betacaine-LA
Lidocaine, prilocaine,
dibucaine
a
Vaseline ointment
60-90
No
No
Anecdotal reports of
rapid onset
More clinical and
safety trials needed
300 cm
2
—adults
LMX
4% Lidocaine
Liposomal
60
No
Yes
Liposomal delivery,
long duration of
action
Postapplication
residue
100 cm
2
—children
600 cm
2
>
10 kg—adults +
children
LMX 5
5% Lidocaine
Liposomal
30
No
Yes
Rapid onset of action
More clinical trials
needed
100 cm
2
—children
600 cm
2
>
10 kg—adults +
children
EMLA
2.5% Lidocaine, 2.5%
prilocaine
Oil in water
60
Yes
Yes
Proven effi cacy and
safety profi le
Long application,
occlusion required
20 g/200 cm
2
—adults
and children older
than 7 years and
>20 kg
Tetracaine gel
4% Tetracaine gel
a
Lecithin gel
60-90
Yes
No
Anecdotal reports of
rapid onset
More clinical and
safety trials needed
None reported
Amethocaine
4% Tetracaine
40-60
Yes
No
Rapid onset, prolonged
effect
Ester anesthetic, avoid
mucosal surfaces
50 mg—adults
Topicaine
a
4% Lidocaine
Microemulsion
30-60
Yes
Yes
Rapid onset,
cost-effective
More clinical trials
needed
600 cm
2
—adults
(children > 10 kg)
S-Caine
2.5% Lidocaine, 2.5%
tetracaine
Oil in water
30-60
No
Phase III clinical
trails
Unique delivery system
Contains an ester
anesthetic
To be determined
a
Over-the-counter product.
Source
: From Ref. 90.
