The conservation of the forest resources of eastern Africa: past influences, present practices and future needs - Biogeography and Ecology of the Rain Forests of Eastern Africa - page 291

have simulated great attenion to orest issues.
They are discussed in some detail:

Afforestaion and Reforestaion
To ensure that urban and rural communities
and various authoriies establish and
manage forest woodlots and plantaions or
fuelwood and charcoal, including other
wood energy sources.
To establish sufficient forest plantations in
suitable areas to create enough forest
produce or the home and export markets.
To encourage and advise the integraion of
forestry with related sectors in order to
capitalise on the role of forests in the
development of the naional economy.

A revised Forest Policy Document, 'FORPOL'
A Tanzanian Forest Acion Plan, 'TFAP'

FORPOL summarises the shortcomings of the
earlier 1953 policy as follows.
1. Highly generalised statements, not giving
objecive guidelines at implementation
level.
2. No emphasis on interdependence with
other sectors.
3. The need for community forestry and the
importance of wood as rural fuel is not
emphasised.
4. The role of forestry as a rural employer is
not emphasised and forest legislaion as a
whole has been negaive to people's
paricipaion.

Extension Services
To advance knowledge and understanding
(general public awareness) among the
people of this country on the values and
benefits of forestry to them and to their
descendants. Plus several provisions for
industry, research and employment.

FORPOL then gives the following policy
outline and principal objecives:
General Forest Development
To demarcate and reserve in perpetuity for the
benefit of the naion, forested land or land
capable of afforestaion to preserve or
improve local climates and water balance
(supply), stabilise land which is liable to
deterioration, and provide sustained yield
of forest produce for local and export
market.
To manage and develop state forests, state
controlled forests (public lands), village
and private forests in order to perpetuate
the values and benefits of the same.
To set aside forested areas for scienific,
recreaion and amenity purposes.
Development and Management of Natural
Forests
To preserve, develop and manage both public
and state owned natural forests.
To ensure that catchment forests are properly
preserved and managed in perpetuity to
ensure a sustained supply of water,
conservaion of soil, lora and auna and
amelioraion of climate.

FORPOL goes on to state the necessity to have
a greatly strengthened and centralised forest
adminisration. This issue is, however, conrover-
sial, and probably will not be fully accepted.
Reforms of the way the three-tier administraion
(naional, regional and district levels) functions
are a probable alternaive.
The TFAP takes over from the policy docu-
ment in spelling out the implementation of the
policy. TFAP states:

The overriding srategic goal of the Tanzania
Forest Acion Plan is to enhance the forestry
conribution to sustainable use and development
of the counry's land resources.
(Government of Tanzania, 1989)

It stresses that the forest sector's overt contribu-
ion to development has been largely limited to
unplanned release ofland for other aciviies and
in providing fuelwood. The perceived contribu-
ion to GDP has been small, resuling in iny
budget allocaions. The visible outcome has been
rapid deforestaion and land degradaion. TFAP
builds on govenment awareness that forestry has
a clear role in soil, water and climate stability, to
stress the sectoral linkages to agriculture, live-