Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 12.8. Range size, range overlap, group size and roup density of the red colobus in three sites:
Zanzibar, Ta na and Kibale
. b. kirkii
C. b. rufomitratus
C. b. tphrosceles
Jozani, Zanzibar
Tana, Kenya
Kibale, Uganda
(this study)
(Marsh, 1979a)
(Struhsaker, 1975)
Habitat type
Semi-evergreen forest
Semi-evergreen forest
Rain forest
20
18-56
38-56
a
, 28-44
b
59
a
61
b
71
a:
69
b
2.1
13
15
Number of groups encountered
Range in group size
Range in study group size
Study group range area (ha)
Study group range overlap (%)
Group density
(pm
2
)
12-30
19-70+
16-33
19-22
9
35.3
32.8
98
11.8
5.9
No te:
a
Group I;
b
Group IL
these subspecies the majority ofintergroup inter-
acions involved groups avoiding proimity
through vocal communicaion. In a ew cases one
group displaced another group.
Variaion in intergroup relaions in red colobus
corresponded with variaion in their ranging pat-
terns (Table 12.8). Zanzibar
. b. kirkii
were
observed to have extensive range overlap with no
tendency towards exclusive use of paricular
localiies. The same was reported for Kibale
. b.
tephrosceles
by Sruhsaker (1975) and Gambia
. b.
temminckii
(Starin, 1981). The Gombe
. b.
tephrosceles
had little range overlap between
groups, and this was confined to the peripheral
parts of the range (Clutton-Brock, 1975b). The
Senegal
. b. temminckii
were observed to have
largely or wholly exclusive use of their ranges
(Ganot, cited in Marsh, 1979a); the Tana . b.
rufomitratus also had little range overlap, and the
shared range was rarely used by one of the groups
(Marsh, 1978a, 1979a).
subspecies of red colobus, group density, range
size and intergroup relaions are consistent with
the reported associaion between high densiy,
small ranges and more exclusive range use in
other colobines (Y oshiba, 1968; Rudran, 1973;
Oates, 1977).
Polyspeciic associaions
Species were considered to be in associaion
when members of the different species were
spaially intermingled. Polyspecific associaions
among monkeys are common and have been
reported in many studies (Haddow, 1952;Jones &
Sabater Pi, 1968; Aldrich-Blake, 1968; Ben-
stein, 1967; Gartlan & Struhsaker, 1972; Struh-
saker, 1975, 1978a; Starin, 1981; Davies, 1984;
Wasser, Chapter 13).
The Sykes monkey
(Cercopithecus mitis albo-
gularis), which is endemic to Zanzibar at subspe-
cific level, was found to associate with
. b. kirkii
in a number of aciviies. It is the only large,
diunal monkey symparic with the Zanzibar red
colobus. They were observed to associate in rest-
ing, playing, feeding, allogrooming, and even
moving together from one place to another. A
systemaic study of the three groups showed 482
occasions of associaion. The red colobus groups
associated more with solitary . mitis: there were
155, 157 and 108 observaions or groups I, II and
III associaing with solitary . mitis, compared
Group sie, ensiy, soial relations and ranging
pattes
The Tana . b. ruomitratus had the smallest
groups and highest group density. The Zanzibar
. b. kirkii and Kibale . b. tephrosceles had larger
range size and greater range overlap, although the
former had the lowest group density and smaller
group size (Table 12.8). Thus, in these three
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