The montane butterflies of the eastern Afrotropics - Biogeography and Ecology of the Rain Forests of Eastern Africa - page 163

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Africa is ascribed to dispersal from the east. Most
montane forest species in the Eastern Afrotropics
evolved from other species in the same general
area but with a different habitat preference, while
a small proportion arose by further differeniaion
of montane forest species in the Easten
Afrotropics. It implies that for the development of
the montane grassland fauna and paricularly for
the montane forest fauna, paraparic speciaion
(or maybe sympatric speciaion) has been of
paramount importance, allopatric speciaion (i.e.
by geographic isolation) playing only a minor role.
Evidence for vicariance events is very weak. If the
montane forests were ever more coherent than
today, the races have been wiped out, at least in
the butterflies.
The ideas put forward here must await further
support (or rejecion) from phylogeneic studies,
which are badly needed for most of the butterflies
concened.

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