HTML and CSS Reference
In-Depth Information
Using multiple <footer>s on the same element
The spec says, “Footers don't necessarily have to appear at the
end of a section, though they usually do,” and it allows an ele-
ment to have two or more footers. A simplified version of the
example in the spec is
<body>
<footer><a href=”/”>Back to index...</a></footer>
<h1>Lorem ipsum</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum</p>
<footer><a href=”/”>Back to index...</a></footer>
</body>
The reason for this is that the elements are supposed to be non-
presentational. If “back to index” is the footer below the article,
and you choose to have another “back to index” above the arti-
cle, too, you should use the same element for the same content,
regardless of where it appears.
Using <blockquote> <footer>s
Very groovily, <blockquote> can have a footer, which is a very
useful way of citing the source in a way that's unambiguously
associated with the quotation but also nicely presented to your
users (HTML4 has the cite attribute on <blockquote> which in
theory serves this purpose by allowing authors to provide a link
to the original source, but no browsers do anything with it so the
source isn't displayed anywhere to the user:
<blockquote>
Thou look'st like antichrist, in that lewd hat.
<footer>Ananias <cite>Scene 4.3, <a href=”http://
¬ www.gutenberg.org/files/4081/4081-h/4081-h.htm”>The
¬ Alchemist</a></cite> (Ben Jonson)</footer>
</blockquote>
Since the irst edition of this topic, it's been suggested that using
<footer> inside <blockquote> for attributing the source of the
quotation is wrong, because according to the spec, “Content
inside a blockquote must be quoted from another source,” and
attribution isn't a quote. However, this seems incorrect; often you
“tidy” quotes by adding ellipses, silently correcting spelling and
such, which isn't strictly quoting. Also, many web publications
include the attribution inside the quotation, which isn't allowed
by the spec at the moment (see fellow HTML5 Doctor Oli Stud-
holme's research at http://oli.jp/2011/blockquote/ ) . Therefore, we
consider that disallowing the use above is a spec bug.
 
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